Elections Canada’s learning resource, Geography of Elections, contains fact sheets with data on Canada’s 343 electoral districts. The fact sheets have been updated with the newest data from the 2025 election.
New boundaries and electoral districts also came into effect at the last federal general election. Every 10 years, independent commissions from each province readjust the boundaries of their federal electoral districts. Given that the boundaries are new, Elections Canada has provided estimates for some of the statistical data (e.g. population), while others (e.g. population change) are unavailable.
In Geography of Elections, students compare the data on their school’s riding to at least one other riding in Canada. They interpret information on population, geographic area, languages, income, etc. Check out some of the notable facts from the latest data to find out how your electoral district might compare.
Interesting facts from the latest data
In terms of area, Nunavut and Toronto Centre remain the largest and smallest ridings, as well as least and most densely populated, respectively. Nunavut spans 1,836,994 km2, with a population density of 0.02 person per square kilometre. Toronto Centre measures 6 km2, with a population density of 20,284 people per square kilometre.
Nunavut is also the electoral district with the youngest average age (28), while Terra Nova—The Peninsulas in Newfoundland and Labrador and Similkameen—South Okanagan—West Kootenay in British Columbia have the oldest average age (50).
For the average income of individuals in 2020, both the highest and lowest were in Ontario. Humber River—Black Creek had the lowest and Toronto—St. Paul's the highest.
During the 2025 federal general election, Malpeque in Prince Edward Island had the highest voter turnout at 82%.
Data on languages
Many languages are spoken across Canada. The fact sheets provide data on languages that are most often spoken at home between English, French, Indigenous languages and other languages.
The most recent census showed that the ridings in which the most people spoke Indigenous languages at home were:
- Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou, QC
- Nunavut
- Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River, SK
- Churchill—Keewatinook Aski, MB
- Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan, QC
The census data also showed which languages were spoken most often at home, other than English, French and Indigenous languages. For example, in all three territories, the most popular other language is Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino).
Surrey Newton is the riding with the largest number of people who speak a language other than English, French and Indigenous languages at home. In this riding, 43,645 respondents speak Punjabi (Panjabi) and 13,720 people speak other languages, representing 54% of respondents.
Only four other ridings have more than 50% of people who speak a language other than English, French and Indigenous languages at home:
- Markham—Unionville and Markham—Thornhill where Yue (Cantonese) is the most spoken language at home.
- Richmond Centre—Marpole and Scarborough—Agincourt where Mandarin is the most spoken language at home.
Acadie—Bathurst in New Brunswick is the riding with the largest French community outside Quebec. Out of 77,000 respondents, 62,250 speak French at home. That’s 81% of respondents.
In Prescott—Russell—Cumberland in Eastern Ontario there is another very large French community. There, 52,760 people speak French most often at home. That’s just over 50% of respondents in the riding.
In Quebec, most people speak French at home. There are four ridings where French isn’t the language spoken most often at home. In Lac-Saint-Louis, 63% of the population speaks English at home and in Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount, it’s 55%.
This data shows a few of the ways in which Canada’s electoral districts are different or similar. Have your students compare their school’s riding with other ridings by using our Geography of Elections resource.